Bibliography:
-
Pi-Sunyer FX. Health implications of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1595–603.
-
Seidell JC, Verschuren WM, van Leer EM, Kromhout D. Overweight, underweight, and mortality: a prospective study of 48,287 men and women. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:958–63. [Visit the site]
-
Kannel WB, Cupples LA, Ramaswami R, Stokes J, Kreger BE, Higgins M. Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991;44:183–90. [Visit the site]
-
Fricker J, Fumeron F, Clair D, Apfelbaum M. A positive correlation between energy intake and BMI in a population of 1312 overweight subjects. Int J Obes 1989;13:663–81.
-
Nelson LH, Tucker LA. Diet composition related to body fat in a multivariate study of 203 men. J Am Diet Assoc 1996;96:771–7. [Visit the site]
-
Graham HN. Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Prev Med 1992;21:334–50. [Visit the site]
-
Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. Absorption and distribution of tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, in the rat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1997;43:679–84. [Visit the site]
-
Yoshino K, Hara Y, Sano M, Tomita I. Antioxidative effects of black tea theaflavins and thearubigin on lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenates induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17:146–9. [Visit the site]
-
Nakayama M, Suzuki K, Toda M, Okubo S, Hara Y, Shimamura T. Inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus by tea polyphenols. Antiviral Res 1993;21:289–99. [Visit the site]
-
Hattori M, Kusumoto IT, Namba T, Ishigami T, Hara Y. Effect of tea polyphenols on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Chem Pharm Bull 1990;38:717–20. [Visit the site]
-
Katiyar SK, Mukhtar H. Tea in chemoprevention of cancer: epidemiologic and experimental studies. Int J Oncol 1996;8:221–38.
-
Henry JP, Stephens-Larson P. Reduction of chronic psychosocial hypertension in mice by decaffeinated tea. Hypertension 1984;6:437–44. [Visit the site]
-
Matsumoto N, Ishigaki F, Ishigaki A, Iwashin H, Hara Y. Reduction of blood glucose levels by tea catechin. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1993;57:525–7.
-
Nanjo F, Hara Y, Kikuchi Y. Effects of tea polyphenols on blood rheology in rats fed a high-fat diet. In: Ho CT, ed. Food phytochemicals for cancer prevention: teas, spices and herbs. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994:76–82.
-
Chan PT, Fong WP, Cheung YL, Huang Y, Ho WKK, Chen ZY. Jasmine green tea epicatechins are hypolipidemic in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) fed a high fat diet. J Nutr 1999;129:1094–101. [Visit the site]
-
Chaudhari PN, Hatwalne VG. Effect of epicatechin on liver lipids of rats fed with choline deficient diet. Ind J Nutr Diet 1977;14:136–9.
-
Ishigaki A, Tonooka F, Matsumoto N, Hara Y. Suppression of the accumulation of body and liver fat by tea catechin. Shizuoka, Japan: Organizing Committee of International Symposium on Tea Science, 1991:309–13.
-
Dulloo AG, Seydoux J, Girardier L, Chantre P, Vandermander J. Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000;24:252–8. [Visit the site]
-
Dulloo AG, Duret C, Rohrer D, et al. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:1040–5. [Visit the site]
-
Rumpler W, Seale J, Clevidence B, et al. Oolong tea increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation in men. J Nutr 2001;131:2848–52. [Visit the site]
-
Chantre P, Lairon D. Recent findings of green tea extract AR25 (Exolise) and its activity for the treatment of obesity. Phytomedicine 2002;9:3–8. [Visit the site]
-
Van Gaal LF, Vertommen J, De Leeuw IH. The in vitro oxidizability of lipoprotein particles in obese and non-obese subjects. Atherosclerosis 1998;137:S39–44. [Visit the site]
-
Prazny M, Skrha J, Hilgertova J. Plasma malondialdehyde and obesity: is there a relationship? Clin Chem Lab Med 1999;37:1129–30. [Visit the site]
-
Sawa H. Outline of research activitites of the National Institute of Health and Nutrition. Outline of research activities in 1999. Internet: http://www.nih.go.jp/eiken/english/research/pdf/nenpo99_e.pdf (accessed 18 July 2002).
-
Standard tables of food composition in Japan 2000. 4th ed. Tokyo: Kagawa Nutrition University Publishing Division, 2000:417–9 (in Japanese).
-
The new calorie guide book for daily diet. Tokyo: Kagawa Nutrition University Publishing Division, 2002 (in Japanese).
-
The National Nutrition Survey, Japan in 1998. Tokyo: Dai-ichi Shuppan Publishing Co Ltd, 2000:65 (in Japanese).
-
Tokunaga K, Matsuzawa Y, Ishikawa K, Tarui S. A novel technique for the determination of body fat by computed tomography. Int J Obes 1983;7:437–45. [Visit the site]
-
Vitamins. In: Henry R, Cannon D, Winkelman J. eds. Clinical chemistry: principles and technics. 2nd ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1974:1374–81.
-
Abe K, Katsui G. Fluorometric determination of tocopherol in serum. J Jpn Soc Nutr Food 1975;28:277–80 (in Japanese).
-
Kotani K, Maekawa M, Kanno T, Kondo A, Toda N, Manabe M. Distribution of immunoreactive malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein in human serum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994;1215:121–5. [Visit the site]
-
Connerty HV, Briggs AR. Determination of serum calcium by means of orthocresolphthalein complexone. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:290–6. [Visit the site]
-
Drewes PA. Direct colorimetric determination of phosphorus in serum and urine. Clin Chim Acta 1972;39:81–8. [Visit the site]
-
Kuwa K. Ion selective electrode. J Med Technol 1990;34:1353–8 (in Japanese).
-
Standard tables of food composition in Japan 2000. 4th ed. Tokyo: Kagawa Nutrition University Publishing Division, 2000:410 (in Japanese).
-
SRL.info. Tokyo: SRL, Inc. Internet: http://www.srl.info/srlinfo/kensa_ref_CD/index.htm (accessed 30 October 2001).
-
Fancy drink. In: 2001 Food marketing handbook. Tokyo: Fuji Keizai Co, Ltd, 2001:89–97 (in Japanese).
-
Nakagawa K, Okuda S, Miyazawa T. Dose-dependent incorporation of tea catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin, into human plasma. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997;61:1981–5. [Visit the site]
-
Borchardt RT, Huber JA. Catechol O-methyltransferase. 5. Structure-activity relationships for inhibition by flavonoids. J Med Chem 1975;18:120–2. [Visit the site]
-
Yla-Herttuala S, Palinski W, Rosenfeld ME, et al. Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. J Clin Invest 1989;84:1086–95. [Visit the site]
-
Holvoet P, Perez G, Zhao Z, et al. Malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoproteins in patients with atherosclerotic disease. J Clin Invest 1995;95:2611–9. [Visit the site]
-
Beier K, Volkl A, Fahimi D. TNF-alpha downregulates the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha and the mRNAs encoding peroxisomal proteins in rat liver. FEBS Lett 1997;412:385–7. [Visit the site]
-
Parmentier JH, Schohn H, Bronner M, et al. Regulation of CYP4A1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression by interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and dexamethasone in cultured fetal rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 1997;54:889–98. [Visit the site]
-
Neve BP, Fruchart JC, Staels B. Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;60:1245–50. [Visit the site]
-
Poynter ME, Daynes RA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activation modulates cellular redox status, represses nuclear factor-kappa B signaling, and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in aging. J Biol Chem 1998;273:32833–41. [Visit the site]
-
Muramatsu K, Fukuyo M, Hara Y. Effect of green tea catechins on plasma cholesterol level in cholesterol-fed rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1986;32:613–22. [Visit the site]
-
Ikeda I, Imasato Y, Sasaki E, et al. Tea catechins decrease micellar solubility and intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992;1127:141–6. [Visit the site]
-
Received for publication March 10, 2004. Accepted for publication September 28, 2004.